Monday, June 30, 2014

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How to Make 10 of Your Favorite Sauces the Vegan Way

Posted: 30 Jun 2014 10:03 AM PDT

Many sauces have a meat broth base, and creamy sauces and dips often contain dairy. By using a number of substitute ingredients including vegetable broth, soy milk and pureed tofu, you can create a host of flavorful sauces and dips without animal-based ingredients. These articles will allow you to choose from a wide variety of vegan sauces and dips to prepare for your next meal or party.

In ancient Rome, foods could not be preserved through refrigeration. Food author Linda Stradley of What's Cooking America suggests that sauces were most likely invented to cover up instances of doubtful freshness. Fortunately, sauces now simply exist to make our foods taste better and to add pleasing texture. Add flavor to pastas, pizzas, stir-fries and casseroles using these flavorful and easy-to-make vegan sauces.

http://thevegan8.com/2013/12/28/vegan-garlic-alfredo-sauce/

1. Vegan Alfredo Sauce

Restaurant owner Alfredo di Lello invented Alfredo sauce for his wife by mixing together Parmesan, cream and butter in his kitchen. The sauce reportedly restored her appetite during an uncomfortable pregnancy. In this recipe, lots of onion is the secret to this easy, low ingredient and rich alfredo sauce. You will be shocked there is not an ounce of dairy in it!  Traditional Alfredo is full of fat and calories; this vegan version is much healthier.

http://cdn.ohsheglows.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/freshtomatosauce-9444.jpg

2. Vegan Spaghetti Sauce

Marinara sauce has its origins in the 16th century. Supposedly, the Neapolitan sailors invented the sauce after the Spanish introduced the tomato, a New World crop, to Europe. A pot of simmering spaghetti sauce will fill your home with delightful aromas. The secret to this recipe is blending sun-dried tomatoes with a scoop of sauce and then stirring it back into the pot. The result is a thick and creamy tomato sauce with a ton of flavor unlike any other tomato sauce.


http://www.beardandbonnet.com/roasted-red-pepper-cashew-cream-gluten-free-vegan-crispy-quinoa-cakes/

3. Vegan Roasted Red Pepper Cream Sauce (or Dip)

Peppers are used in many different Italian dishes. For example, many Italians use peppers to make Nduja, which is similar to Andouille sausage. In this recipe, smokey roasted red bell peppers and cashews make up the base of this sauce with red onion, garlic, and a touch of lemon juice. You can also use it in place of salad dressing, as a dip, a tasty spread on sandwiches, or tossed with gluten free pasta and topped with roasted veggies. The possibilities are virtually endless!

http://minimalistbaker.com/asian-noodle-bowl-with-ginger-peanut-dressing/

4. Vegan Ginger Peanut Sauce

Peanut sauce is generally used in cuisine from Africa, Thailand, Malaysia, China, Vietnam and Indonesia. Ginger is a common ingredient, as is garlic, coconut milk and spices. This vegan ginger peanut sauce recipe makes an excellent sauce for stir-fry or a mid-day meal. It's so incredibly filling and requires just 10-15 minutes of your time. It's also vegan and gluten free, and for our peanut butter-adverse friends, simply sub in cashew butter or tahini.

http://www.insonnetskitchen.com/gluten-free-vegan-mushroom-gravy/

5. Vegan Gravy

Gravy is traditionally made by sautéing flour in animal fat to form a roux. Then, cooks add milk or water to make gravy. You can still "pass the gravy" with this vegan and gluten-free recipe that gets its rich flavor and color from sautéed button mushrooms along with hearty spices like sage, thyme, and rosemary. You'll also know that you're serving a much healthier version of a rich and beloved classic. 

http://myfancypantry.com/2012/04/15/vegetarian-vegan-korma/

6. Vegan Curry Sauce

Curry with vegetables makes a wonderful, flavorful weeknight supper. This korma-style curry recipe is sweet, mildly spicy, creamy…and just tastes so exotic. Curry is associated with Southern Asia but was actually invented by the British. The term curry was a catch-all for sauces made from butter, nuts, spices and fruits that were poured over rice.

http://trans-planted.com/guilt-free-vegan-enchiladas-with-homemade-sauce/

7.  Vegan Enchilada Sauce

The Aztecs invented the concept of wrapping, filling and eating tortillas. The word "enchilada" first appeared in the U.S. in 1885 and literally means, "in chile." Traditional enchiladas are more of a street snack consisting of a corn tortilla dipped in chile sauce rather than the casserole-like dish that we prepare in the U.S. today. This homemade enchilada sauce, it's so incredibly easy and delicious and has one special and important ingredient, cocoa! Yes, it's true. It adds a great complexity and flavor to the richness of the sauce.

http://www.veggieful.com/2013/01/vegan-white-bechamel-sauce-recipe.html

8. Vegan Béchamel Sauce

This traditional French sauce usually has a base of milk with a buttery roux. In France, béchamel is known as one of the four meres or "mother sauces" from which all other sauces are derived. This recipe is creamy, "cheesy" and has that genuine delicious white sauce flavor. The trick with this sauce is to finely mince the onion and to make it creamy by sautéing it with some vegan margarine.

http://foodloveswriting.com/2012/06/01/kale-almond-pesto/

9. Vegan Pesto

Pesto means "pressed." The inventors of this sauce had no access to food processors or blenders. Instead, they pressed the basil and other ingredients with a mortar and pestle. This recipe is kale-based because kale makes a killer pesto. With the addition of walnuts (healthy!), this pesto is basically a Super Sauce and can be used in a variety of dishes.

http://www.ilovemesomegreens.com/how-to-make-vegan-mexican-mole-sauce

10. Vegan Mole

Historians believe that mole was invented in the 1680s in a convent in Puebla de los Angeles. The sister superior of the convent supposedly created the dish to honor the archbishop who created a convent for her order. This vegan mole is velvety smooth and decadent sauce with a nice spicy kick and hint of chocolate. Mole's sophisticated blend of flavors earns it the right to be served as an entree, sometimes with a mere sprinkling on top of your favorite vegetable dish, or simply with rice and beans. It also pairs amazingly well with fruit or your favorite dessert.

What are Carotenoids?

What are Carotenoids?

Link to Natural Health & Organic Living Blog

What are Carotenoids?

Posted: 29 Jun 2014 08:00 AM PDT

colorful-vegetables

Distinguished by their orange, yellow, and red pigments, carotenoids are found in many plants, algae, and bacteria. Carotenoids act as antioxidants within the body, protecting against cellular damage, the effects of aging, and even some chronic diseases. These beneficial compounds cannot be synthesized by humans or animals, diet is the only way to get them. There are well over 600 known carotenoids, with beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, and astaxanthin being the most common.

Why Are Carotenoids Important?

As antioxidants, carotenoids are helpful for protecting vision and combating cellular damage. [1] Recent studies have also identified carotenoids as paramount supporters for the cardiovascular system and male reproductive health. Lycopene, a carotenoid found in tomatoes (among other fruits and vegetables), has even been linked to keeping the liver, prostate, breast, colon, and lungs healthy. [2]

5 Health Benefits of Consuming Carotenoids

Carotenoids have an immense value for human health, and many people are seeking ways to incorporate these health-brimming compounds into their diet. Nutritionists, physicians, and health organizations all recommend a diet high in antioxidants, including those that are derived from carotenoids. Here are 5 of the most pronounced benefits of carotenoids.

1. Supports Eye Health

Do you remember adults telling you as a child that carrots were good for your eyes? As it turns out, this statement is founded in scientific truth. Carrots are an excellent source of carotenoids, including retinol and pro-vitamin A, both of which have therapeutic value for degenerative diseases of the retina. [3]

2. Cardiovascular Health

Population-based studies have demonstrated that carotenoids are effective for supporting cardiovascular health. Other nutrients that work together with carotenoids for protecting heart health include glutathione, vitamin E, and vitamin C. These findings have been echoed in numerous studies. [4]

3. Possible Anti-Tumor Properties?

It would be premature and overzealous to say that carotenoids prevent cancer, but it is known that carotenoids contain acetylenics, a group of metabolites known for combating tumor development. They also have action against harmful organisms and support the immune system. The combination of these properties have been so effective for fighting bacteria and immune-related infections that researchers are exploring their cytotoxic effects on multiple types of cancer. [5]

4. Male Fertility

The antioxidant effect of carotenoids may protect sperm health, according a recent 2013 study. This research found that carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, and zinc notably improved the participants' chances of becoming pregnant. [6] These nutrients can be accessed easily with a diet rich in fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds.

5. Skin Health

Studies have reported that the carotenoids beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin protect skin, tissue, and cells from environmental toxins and disease. Recent research has demonstrated that non-provitamin A carotenoids, such as lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin, also have protective benefits for the skin. [7] To best support skin health, experts recommend vitamin A carotenoids from fresh vegetables and colorful fruits.

Maximize Your Carotenoid Intake

Vitamin A is considered a fat-soluble nutrient, and consuming foods containing vitamin A with fat (like grass-fed butter, coconut oil, or olive oil) increases its bioavailability. Chopping and cooking the vegetables also enhances nutrient uptake, further increasing the chances your body will use the compounds efficiently.

Best Sources of Carotenoids

Carotenoids are found in orange, yellow, and red fruits and vegetables, like pumpkin, carrots, and tomatoes. For beta-carotene, carrots and pumpkins are forefront; however, spinach, sweet potatoes, cantaloupe, and dandelion greens also represent excellent sources.

Tomatoes are renowned for their lycopene content, and often recommended as a health-fortifying food. You may be surprised to learn that watermelon and grapefruit are also excellent sources of lycopene. Dark, green leafy vegetables, such as spinach and kale, contain high quantities of lutein and zeaxanthin. If you’re not following a vegan or vegetarian diet, liver and eggs are two of the most bioavailable animal sources of these beneficial nutrients. [8]

What are your favorite carotenoid-rich vegetables and fruits? Leave us a comment below to let us know!

-Dr. Edward F. Group III, DC, ND, DACBN, DCBCN, DABFM

References:

  1. Armstrong GA, Hearst JE. Carotenoids 2: Genetics and molecular biology of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis. FASEB J. 1996 Feb;10(2):228-37.
  2. Trejo-Solís C, Pedraza-Chaverrí J, Torres-Ramos M, Jiménez-Farfán D, Cruz Salgado A, Serrano-García N, Osorio-Rico L, Sotelo J. Multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of lycopene in cancer inhibition. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:705121. doi: 10.1155/2013/705121.
  3. Perusek L, Maeda T. Vitamin A derivatives as treatment options for retinal degenerative diseases. Nutrients. 2013 Jul 12;5(7):2646-66. doi: 10.3390/nu5072646.
  4. Wang Y, Chun OK, Song WO. Plasma and dietary antioxidant status as cardiovascular disease risk factors: a review of human studies. Nutrients. 2013 Jul 31;5(8):2969-3004. doi: 10.3390/nu5082969.
  5. Kuklev DV, Domb AJ, Dembitsky VM. Bioactive acetylenic metabolites. Phytomedicine. 2013 Oct 15;20(13):1145-59. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.06.009.
  6. Mora-Esteves C, Shin D. Nutrient supplementation: improving male fertility fourfold. Semin Reprod Med. 2013 Jul;31(4):293-300. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1345277.
  7. Sayo T, Sugiyama Y, Inoue S. Lutein, a nonprovitamin A, activates the retinoic acid receptor to induce HAS3-dependent hyaluronan synthesis in keratinocytes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2013;77(6):1282-6.
  8. Abdel-Aal el-SM, Akhtar H, Zaheer K, Ali R. Dietary sources of lutein and zeaxanthin carotenoids and their role in eye health. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 9;5(4):1169-85. doi: 10.3390/nu5041169.

The post What are Carotenoids? appeared first on Natural Health & Organic Living Blog.

Sunday, June 29, 2014

Report: Eating Fruits and Vegetables Reduce Risk of Death

Report: Eating Fruits and Vegetables Reduce Risk of Death

Link to Natural Health & Organic Living Blog

Report: Eating Fruits and Vegetables Reduce Risk of Death

Posted: 28 Jun 2014 08:00 AM PDT

report-on-fruits-and-vegetables

A vegan or vegetarian diet has long been promoted as a healthy lifestyle choice thanks to a mountain of evidence available to back it up. And now, there's even more quantitative evidence. A recent report from University College of London reveals that eating seven or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day is linked to reduced mortality at any age. [1]

New Research

Researchers performed a longitudinal study in which they observed the eating habits of a representative cross-section of over 65,000 people from 2001 to 2013. They discovered that the more fruits and vegetables a person ate, the lower their risk was of dying from all causes. Those who ate seven or more fruit and vegetable servings per day reduced their risk of death by 42% compared to those who ate less than one serving per day. The study also revealed that eating seven or more portions a day reduced the risk of cancer death by 25% and heart disease death by 31%.

How Much Fruits and Vegetables?

The US Department of Agriculture defines a portion as 1 cup of raw fruits or vegetables, ½ a cup of dried fruit, 1 cup of cooked vegetables, or 2 cups of raw leafy greens. They also recommend that at mealtimes, half your plate should be fruits or vegetables. Not mac and cheese, not coleslawfruits and vegetables.

People who currently are not eating seven fruits and vegetables a day shouldn't be discouraged. While more is better, the study found that risk of death is reduced 14% when you regularly eat one to three portions, 29% for three to five, and 36% for five to seven portions. Both fruits and vegetables are beneficial, but vegetables are associated with a slightly greater benefit. Anyone who is struggling to get to seven servings may want to focus on adding more vegetables to their meals.

What About Juicing?

Reaching for processed juice products won’t give you the same benefit. UCLA researchers found no significant health benefit from fruit juice, and canned or frozen fruit had a slightly negative effect on health due in part to the heavy syrup used to pack many cheaper types of canned fruit. When it comes to fruit and vegetables, fresh is always best. If you’re going to have juice, buy a juicer and make your own. In my opinion, smoothies are similar enough to juice yet retain all the beneficial fiber.

There is an Upper Limit

Although adopting a vegan or vegetarian diet may put you in a good position to live a long healthy life, it won’t make you live forever. Nobody is getting out of here alive, but we can do things that help us have a healthy existence while we’re here. A healthy diet is an important foundation, alongside other good habits like exercise and dealing with stress in a positive way.

Have you noticed benefits in your own health by adding more fruits and vegetables? Please leave a comment and share your experience!

-Dr. Edward F. Group III, DC, ND, DACBN, DCBCN, DABFM

References:

  1. Oyinlola Oyebode, Vanessa Gordon-Dseagu, Alice Walker, Jennifer S Mindell. Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause cancer and CVD mortality: analysis of Health Survey for England data. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 31 March 2014. doi: 10.1136/jech-2013-203500.

The post Report: Eating Fruits and Vegetables Reduce Risk of Death appeared first on Natural Health & Organic Living Blog.

Saturday, June 28, 2014

The Benefits of Chiropractic for Animals

The Benefits of Chiropractic for Animals

Link to Natural Health & Organic Living Blog

The Benefits of Chiropractic for Animals

Posted: 27 Jun 2014 08:00 AM PDT

Dog being evaluated for chiropractic care

Alternative and complementary therapies have been used for thousands of years to remedy ailments and promote good health. Some popular therapies are even offered to animals. Because animals have similar spinal columns that can suffer misalignments over time, it might not surprise you to hear that animals can benefit from chiropractic care.

Many pet owners are seeking holistic therapies for their pets and, as a result, alternative veterinary medicine is experiencing new heights in popularity. [1] Chiropractic therapy is one such alternative approach sought by pet owners all over the world.

How is it Performed?

Adjustments performed on animals are similar to those performed on humans. Before performing a chiropractic adjustment, a physician will examine an animal’s gait, posture, and vertebrae. Chiropractic adjustments are always done with care and the main focus is on being gentle and painless. Much like humans, chiropractic therapies for animals are designed to relieve pressure in the spine, among other areas, to realign the body and allow it to heal itself. Whether an animal is agile or frail, chiropractic care may help reduce discomfort and promote normal muscle and skeletal motion and function. This may help aging pets who suffer from soreness, degenerative diseases, and limited mobility.

Benefits of Chiropractic for Horses

Chiropractic has been a mainstay in the equine world, especially among racehorses. [2] The chiropractic techniques used focus on maximizing comfort while improving the overall function of the body. [3] [4] Animal chiropractic studies have shown that horses, many of whom suffer from back problems due to a combination of incorrect riding methods and inexperienced riders, can greatly benefit from basic chiropractic techniques. [5]

Chiropractic manipulations have also shown a reduction in tension and over-extension in the backs of horses while improving symmetrical gate. [6] Unfortunately, there is a limited amount of research to date displaying the full range of benefits associated with chiropractic horse care. [7]

What Other Animals Can Benefit?

Animal chiropractic is not limited to horses; in fact, it has been shown to help exotic animals, like giraffes, zebras, and wild cats. It was even reported that a young giraffe at a Colorado zoo experienced improvement in neck tightness and sensitivity, muscle spasms, and increased range of motion following chiropractic care. [8]

A Final Thought

With the use of alternative veterinary medicine increasing in popularity, veterinarians are becoming more aware of the need for adopting some of these therapies. The ultimate goal of veterinarians when it comes to chiropractic therapy is to provide animals with a high level of immediate care. [9] There’s little doubt that veterinary chiropractic is a fantastic adjunct to standard veterinary medicine.

What are your thoughts on providing chiropractic care for animals? Do you have a pet that’s received an adjustment? Please leave a comment and let us know!

-Dr. Edward F. Group III, DC, ND, DACBN, DCBCN, DABFM

References:

  1. Boldt E Jr.
    Use of complementary veterinary medicine in the geriatric horse.
    Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2002 Dec;18(3):631-6, ix.
  2. Haussler KK. The role of manual therapies in equine pain management. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2010 Dec;26(3):579-601. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2010.07.006.
  3. Downing R. The role of physical medicine and rehabilitation for patients in palliative and hospice care. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2011 May;41(3):591-608. doi: 10.1016/ j.cvsm.2011.03.011. Epub 2011 Apr 13.
  4. Haussler KK. The role of manual therapies in equine pain management. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2010 Dec;26(3):579-601. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2010.07.006.
  5. Lesimple C, Fureix C, Menguy H, Hausberger M. Human direct actions may alter animal welfare, a study on horses (Equus caballus). PLoS One. 2010 Apr 28;5(4):e10257. doi: 10.1371/
  6. Gomez Alvarez CB, L’ami JJ, Moffat D, Back W, van Weeren PR. Effect of chiropractic manipulations on the kinematics of back and limbs in horses with clinically diagnosed back problems. Equine Vet J. 2008 Mar;40(2):153-9.
  7. Haussler KK. Back problems. Chiropractic evaluation and management. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 1999 Apr;15(1):195-209.
  8. Dadone LI, Haussler KK, Brown G, Marsden M, Gaynor J, Johnston MS, Garelle D. Successful management of acute-onset torticollis in a giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata). J Zoo Wildl
  9. Vockeroth WG. Veterinary homeopathy: an overview. Can Vet J. 1999 Aug;40(8):592-4.

The post The Benefits of Chiropractic for Animals appeared first on Natural Health & Organic Living Blog.

Friday, June 27, 2014

Do you ever get stuck eating airport food?

Greetings from St. Louis! I am about to jet off to my meeting with Anheuser-Busch, but before I go I want to share this post with you.

If you know me, you know I love to travel, but there's one thing about travel that gets me worked up every time. There are millions of people coming in and out of the airports across the world thinking they have no choice. They think they have to eat airport and airplane food because it's the only thing available. They let their surroundings control their lives, their health, and the health of their families. I used to be one of these people and my life was rough.

Not anymore! Here's everything you need to know to survive traveling in an airport and an airplane.

Read the brand new post here.

If you know someone traveling or who gets stuck eating airport food, please share this post with them. Never get stuck with your Food Babe pants down again! 

Xo,

Vani  

P.S. I'll definitely keep you posted on how things go today, thanks for all your requests on facebook last night!



P.O. Box 31521 Charlotte, NC 28231

If you would like to stop receiving free food investigations, recipes and healthy living tips, click here.

What are Polyphenols?

What are Polyphenols?

Link to Natural Health & Organic Living Blog

What are Polyphenols?

Posted: 26 Jun 2014 08:00 AM PDT

vegetables-polyphenols

Polyphenol is a generic term for the several thousand plant-based molecules that have antioxidant properties. The health benefits of antioxidants are well known and polyphenols are also helpful for regulating enzyme function and stimulating cell receptors. [1] Polyphenols are divided into four primary groups: phenolic acids, lignans, stilbenes, and flavonoids. [2] Plants with polyphenol activity have played a major role in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine for centuries. With an anti-inflammatory action, support for the liver, and promoting normal circulatory health, their benefits are plentiful.

6 Benefits of Polyphenol Consumption

Polyphenols are available in a wide variety of unprocessed raw vegetables and fruits. With the explosion of polyphenol research and the extensive discussion in scientific journals, potential therapeutic applications for these compounds have been discovered. Here are just a few of the benefits related to polyphenols.

1. Skin Protection

The consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, and antioxidant-rich beverages may protect the skin from UV radiation. Resveratrol, a compound in red wine, has active polyphenic qualities that aid in protecting the skin. Other compounds, like silymarin, genistein, delphinidin, pomegranate fruit extract, grape seed, proanthocyanidins, and green tea polyphenols, may also ward off UV damage. [3]

2. Brain Health

The antioxidant effect of polyphenols offers holistic support for the aging neurological system, possibly combating the early onset of dementia-like symptoms. Polyphenols have been linked with lower risk for Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. Researchers also note that polyphenols offer a holistic approach to neurological health by addressing the complex physiology involved with certain brain disorders. [4]

3. Supports Normal Blood Sugar

Glucose management is an issue for many people in the United States, with about 1 out of every 10 people having type II diabetes or prediabetes. Flavonoids, a group of polyphenols, has displayed beneficial effects for supporting normal blood sugar levels. These flavonoids, typically found in foods like tea and cocoa, appear to enhance insulin secretion, reduce cell death, regulate glucose metabolism, improve insulin sensitivity, reduce oxidative stress, and increase glucose uptake by cells. [5]

4. Nutritional Support for Cancer?

While polyphenols won’t cure cancer, research has explored their potential therapeutic role. Some polyphenols appear to offer protection against carcinogens — cancer-causing substances present in food and the environment. [6] [7] Although coffee raises an eyebrow among some health-conscious consumers, research suggests that the polyphenols in coffee may help to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. [8]

5. Blood Pressure

Studies indicate flavonoids, like catechins, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids, are important dietary compounds that support normal blood pressure by inhibiting the physiological mechanisms which trigger hypertension. [9]

6. Cardiovascular Health

Polyphenols found in cocoa have been shown to reduce cardiovascular stress through the inhibition of LDL cholesterol, or “bad” cholesterol, oxidation. These compounds also increase the vasodilation of blood vessels to promote circulation. [10] Keep in mind that organic dark chocolate, 72% cacao and above, is where the benefits have been found. In other words, cheap candy is not good for your health.

The Best Sources of Polyphenols

Natural foods like vegetables, fruits, tea, coffee, and red wine are some of the primary sources of polyphenols. Citrus fruits contain specific types of polyphenols, like flavanones, while other fruits contain a wider range of polyphenols. It’s believed that growing conditions play a substantial role in polyphenol content. To ensure the best and most potent sources of polyphenols from foods, choose produce that is organic and non-GMO. Local foods may also be fresher and more abundant in their natural antioxidant compounds compared with imported varieties.

-Dr. Edward F. Group III, DC, ND, DACBN, DCBCN, DABFM

References:

  1. Elliott Middleton Jr., Chithan Kandaswami, and Theoharis C. Theoharides. The Effects of Plant Flavonoids on Mammalian Cells:Implications for Inflammation, Heart Disease, and Cancer. Pharmacological Reviews December 1, 2000 vol. 52 no. 4 673-751.
  2. Claudine Manach, Augustin Scalbert, Christine Morand, Christian Rémésy, and Liliana Jiménez. Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr May 2004 vol. 79 no. 5 727-747.
  3. Afaq F, Katiyar SK. Polyphenols: skin photoprotection and inhibition of photocarcinogenesis. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2011 Dec;11(14):1200-15.
  4. Bhullar KS, Rupasinghe HP. Polyphenols: multipotent therapeutic agents in neurodegenerative diseases. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013;2013:891748. doi: 10.1155/2013/891748.
  5. Babu PV, Liu D, Gilbert ER. Recent advances in understanding the anti-diabetic actions of dietary flavonoids. J Nutr Biochem. 2013 Sep 9. pii: S0955-2863(13)00127-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.06.003.
  6. Moon YJ, Wang X, Morris ME. Dietary flavonoids: effects on xenobiotic and carcinogen metabolism. Toxicology in Vitro. 2006 March;20(2):187-201.
  7. Lautraite S, Musonda AC, Doehmer J, Edwards GO, Chipman JK. Flavonoids inhibit genetic toxicity produced by carcinogens in cells expressing CYP1A2 and CYP1A1. Mutagenesis. 2002 January;17(1):45-53.
  8. Wang ZJ, Ohnaka K, Morita M, Toyomura K, Kono S, Ueki T, Tanaka M, Kakeji Y, Maehara Y, Okamura T, Ikejiri K, Futami K, Maekawa T, Yasunami Y, Takenaka K, Ichimiya H, Terasaka R. Dietary polyphenols and colorectal cancer risk: the Fukuoka colorectal cancer study. World J Gastroenterol. 2013 May 7;19(17):2683-90. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i17.2683.
  9. Huang WY, Davidge ST, Wu J. Bioactive natural constituents from food sources-potential use in hypertension prevention and treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013;53(6):615-30. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2010.550071.
  10. Arranz S, Valderas-Martinez P, Chiva-Blanch G, Casas R, Urpi-Sarda M, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Estruch R. Cardioprotective effects of cocoa: clinical evidence from randomized clinical intervention trials in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2013 Jun;57(6):936-47. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201200595.

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