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7 Risk Factors for Autism

Published April 27, 2015

Many people are aware that the number of cases of autism has been rising over the last few decades, but everyone is still fairly in the dark when it comes to knowing what puts unborn children at increased risk of developing the disorder. In order to better avoid this debilitating neurodevelopment disorder, it is wise to look at the compounding factors that have been strongly associated with increased autism risk.

Risk Factors for Autism

With a staggering statistic of 10 – 15% of all babies being born with some kind of neurodevelopment disorder, it's no wonder we're seeing autism as a looming epidemic. ^[1] The following 7 risk factors include both avoidable and sometimes unavoidable issues; but, the first step to protecting your unborn children is to be informed.

1. Mycotoxins

"Mycotoxins" isn't a term many of us are familiar with yet, but there have been numerous studies on just what these substances are and how they can affect both animals and humans. The latest study which tested American breakfast cereals links mycotoxins found in the food to autism and also puts males at a higher risk for the disorder. ^[2] ^[3] So, what is this potential risk factor? Mycotoxins are mold by products found mostly in grains, coffee, wine, and pork. Even though many studies have been conducted over the years, the ballot is still out on the long term effects of mycotoxins. That doesn't mean that mycotoxins aren't a problem, just that they're something you need to look out for.

2. C-Sections

A new study has stated that babies born via cesarean section rather than more traditional methods have a 23% increased chance of developing autism-related neurodevelopment disorders. ^[4] This statistic is especially important because of the fact almost one in three babies is born using this method in the United States. The reason why the study has sparked so much controversy is because many people believe that the increased risk can be attributed to babies born by C-Section are being delivered before their due date. On a similar note, medically-induced labor can also increase risk factors for autism spectrum disorders. ^[5] Even a few weeks can deeply affect a baby's development, so it is vitally important for every new mother to consider every birthing option before committing to a C-Section.

3. Maternal Antibodies

An unfortunate risk factor for unborn children developing neurodevelopment disorders is something our own bodies create: maternal antibodies. These autoantibodies bind themselves to proteins that affect cognition and other neurological-related aspects of fetal development. As early as 2008, studies linked these autoantibodies to autism, and other studies have consistently found these types of antibodies in children with autism. ^[6] Scientists say that the next step is to figure out how to separate these antibodies and prevent them from affecting developmental proteins.

4. Placenta Abnormalities

A new study showed that placentas with abnormal structures were prevalent in children who had neurodevelopment issues like autism. Though most agree that it is too early to say that the presence of these structures is a direct cause of autism, many hope that it will become a routine procedure to check for any placental abnormalities at birth in order to help predict whether or not any child will have neurodevelopment disorders. Early intervention could be a crucial step in aiding a child with an autism spectrum disorder. The study also suggests that the placental abnormalities have genetic roots as to the cause. ^[7]

5. Smoking

Everyone knows the plethora of health issues and diseases that smoking tobacco products can lead to, such as respiratory issues, cancer, and more, but did you know that smoking while pregnant can also lead to autism in children? Women who choose to smoke while pregnant have an increased chance of birthing a child with Asperger's (an autism spectrum disorder). ^[8] Though there is no direct link between smoking and autism, there is strong evidence for the link between smoking and Asperger's, which is just another reason not to smoke while pregnant.

6. Air Pollution

Even though we know that air pollution can affect asthma and even the size of organs over time, new evidence suggests that certain particles can also lead to increased risks for autism. ^[9] Specialists do remain hopeful about this development, however. By reducing air pollution indoors and doing our part to help reduce outdoor air pollution as well, we may contribute to an overall healthier society.

7. Endocrine Disruptors

Endocrine disruptors are something I talk a lot about because they're so prevalent and so harmful. Now, new research has found that males are four times more likely than females to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders, which leads many specialists to believe that these disorders are hormone related. ^[10] This is where endocrine disruptors come into play. Endocrine disruptors can affect chemicals that are vital to the thyroid and other aspects of development.

One Final Thought

In order to protect the ones you love from developing autism, there may be positive steps you can take. Whether it's avoiding endocrine disruptors or maintaining a cleaner environment in your home's air quality, do what you can.

What are your thoughts about certain factors that affect autism development? Do you have a story to share? Please tell us in the comments!

-Dr. Edward F. Group III, DC, NP, DACBN, DCBCN, DABFM